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Generics and Reflection
Go's reflect package inspects types at runtime. Used heavily by JSON decoders, ORMs, RPC frameworks.
go
Iterate struct fields:
go
Struct tags — metadata read by libraries:
go
This is how encoding/json knows to lowercase field names.
Setting fields (must use a pointer + Elem):
go
Caveats:
- ~100x slower than direct access
- Loses compile-time type checking — bugs surface at runtime
- Use only when truly needed (mostly for libraries, not application code)
reflect.DeepEqual is useful for tests:
go
Up nextError Wrapping and errors.Is / errors.AsErrors, Testing, and Performance
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